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German Luftwaffe in July and August of 1941 met for the first time a previously unknown fighter from Russia with a nose long and thin. It was powered by an online course or engine type "V", which is also surprising, because all Soviet fighters that time were powered by radial engines and the performance lacked the first line of German fighters. The pilots of the Luftwaffe were completely taken by surprise that this new game, because his information from the Luftwaffe on the Soviet air force was virtually nonexistent.
German fighter at the time was the Bf 109F and the Luftwaffe pilots were also surprised and dismayed to discover this new fighter aircraft Soviet could not maneuver out of the top, go faster and fly and the Messerschmitt. The MiG-3 had arrived!
Because in the West At that time, the Bf 109F was considered the best, or at least one of the best air superiority fighter in the world MiG-3 deserves further study. The "Mig" was the symbol of the team of Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental Building Design Bureau.
The first model was the MiG-1, a high altitude interceptor powered by a V-12 engine that developed 1,350 horsepower Mikulin. Wing was a chip, cantilever monoplane armed with a small machine gun 50 caliber machine guns and two 30 gauge - three mounted on the nose and synchronized to fire at Through the arc of the propeller. The prototype reached first disarmed maximum speed of 403 km / h, at 20,000 feet, making the best fighter in the world at that time.
The flight test program revealed that there were flaws in the design, so that changes were integrated and the MiG-3 was born. It was built around a steel tube frame with duralumin skin, which strengthened frame. Always on the outside like the MiG-1, but the engine was moved to four inches of changing the center of gravity, the dihedral wing outer wing was increased by one degree, while the height of the rear fuselage has been reduced to improve the rear view for the driver. For the engine compartment, the compressor intake were enlarged and the front fairing radiator. A fuel tank 55 gallons fuselage was added to increase the range, more armor for the cockpit and, finally, four hard points were added on the wings. This allowed the installation of small bombs or rockets 6.
Unfortunately, the production of MiG-3 was abruptly ended when Stalin ordered the engines Mikulin diverted to the IL-2 bombers to attack. The total production amounted to 3120 aircraft with 50 built from spare parts by through cannibalization of wrecks. It was an attempt to mate later the MiG-3 with an air cooled 14 cylinder radial, but no success.
Many production MiG-3 had a gun .30 caliber machine mounted on each wing. This has not yet given the MiG-3 power parity Bf 109F of the fire, but it gives more firepower ground attack.
specifications based on the MiG-3 were as follows: Maximum speed of 314 km / h at sea level, 398 km / h on 35, 590 feet. Its rate of climb was 10 minutes at 26,000 feet and a ceiling of service was 39.370 feet had a range of 512 miles to 342 miles per hour with a maximum range of 743 miles. Curb weight of 5950 pounds and a takeoff weight of 7,739 firearms under the wings and the full fuel load. Its length is 27 m, a wingspan of 33 feet, with a height of only 8 feet.
In this document, the MiG-3 and the Messerschmitt Bf 109F were closely comparable fighters. In fact, however, the 109 has the advantage of better rate of climb and greater maneuverability at low and medium speed and low to medium altitudes, where most of the dogfighting took place on the Eastern Front. The MiG-3 had the advantage speed in the range of levels and often had to break the 109 because the fuel was dangerously low. The MiG-3 also had the advantage of much better performance over 30,000 feet, but the Bf 109 flew a few times.
The MiG-3 has never had the chance to play the role that was designed for: to fight against high altitude bombers. The Luftwaffe did not build the four-engine bomber was designed for use in areas Soviet industrial. The Russians moved their factories to the east were far enough away from the bombers of two engines, the MiG-3 was forced to fight in an arena of low height for which it was designed.
The Germans had a crucial advantage of others, their fighters reflector sights were equipped with the modern. Most Soviet planes had viewfinders simple, sometimes a circle drawn on the windshield. It was not to delivery the P-39 and P-40 fighters that were finally able to install modern fighters firing line.
Despite these disadvantages, some Russian pilots able to get some impressive kill numbers. Pokryskin Alexander scored 59 official victories, a quarantine in a Mig-3, the rest of the P-39. It also destroyed another aircraft 13 on the German territory occupied by the enemy, but they were not counted ostensibly because they were not killed in territory under Soviet control. According to Pravda, flew 650 missions Pokryshkin, participated to air-air battles of 156 and never lost a wingman. Over time he became a Marshal of the Air Force during the Cold War.
In recent years of the war, the Yak-9 became the dominant fighter for the Soviets and probably contributed more than any other Russian aircraft to fight against the final defeat the Luftwaffe. But the first bright star, shining with the elements of combat was the Soviet MiG-3.
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